Growing Up & Puberty

CONCEPTUAL

Science›The Human Body|Ages 9—11|ID: mt_pu2mmK27UA

Describe the stages of human development from birth to old age: baby, toddler, child, adolescent (puberty), young adult, middle-aged adult, elderly — understanding the physical changes that happen at each stage, especially during puberty

Mastery Evidence

Name and order at least six life stages from birth to old age
Describe key physical changes during puberty (growth spurts, body shape changes, development of adult features)
Explain that puberty is triggered by hormones — chemical messengers released by glands

Assessment Prompt

“Can [child] describe how a person’s body changes as they grow from a baby to an adult to an elderly person — and explain what happens during puberty?”

Prerequisites3

Basic Body Needs
hardAges 5—7
Human Life Stages
softAges 9—10
Balanced Diet & Food Groups
softAges 7—9

Show full prerequisite tree

Basic Body Needs hard
Understanding life stages builds on knowing the body needs food, water, sleep and exercise to grow
- The Heart & Blood soft
  Basic needs (exercise keeps heart strong) connects to knowing the heart pumps blood
- How Breathing Works soft
  Basic needs (body needs air) connects to knowing about breathing and lungs
Human Life Stages soft
Exploratory human development complements curriculum human life stages topic (GB Y5)
- Life Cycles of Organisms hard
  Must understand general life cycles before detailing human developmental stages
  - Animal Classification Vocabulary hard
    Describing unique and diverse life cycles requires metamorphosis, gestation, larva, pupa vocabulary
  - Drawing Life Cycle Diagrams hard
    Modelling life cycles of living things requires the life cycle diagram representation
    - Sorting into categories soft
      Life cycle diagrams require classifying organisms into categories — the same sorting skill used in mt_xppl18avyY
      - Comparing groups: more or fewer soft
        Sorting categories by count benefits from ability to compare quantities
        
        Counting objects to 20 soft
        Counting a set helps when comparing groups, but younger children (GB age 4) can compare using matching without formal counting to 20
        
        How Many in Total? hard
        Answering 'how many?' requires the cardinality principle
        
        One-to-one counting hard
        Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'
        
        One-to-one counting hard
        Counting objects to answer 'how many?' requires one-to-one correspondence
      - Counting objects to 20 hard
        Counting objects in each category requires being able to count sets of objects
        
        How Many in Total? hard
        Answering 'how many?' requires the cardinality principle
        
        One-to-one counting hard
        Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'
        
        One-to-one counting hard
        Counting objects to answer 'how many?' requires one-to-one correspondence
  - Animal Life Stages hard
    Must know basic offspring-to-adult stages before comparing diverse life cycles
    - What Living Things Need soft
      Understanding survival needs supports understanding growth and development
      - Common Plants & Trees soft
        Knowing plants helps understand what they need
      - Living Things Vocabulary soft
        Describing what plants and animals need to survive uses life processes vocabulary: nutrition, growth, sensitivity
      - Naming Common Animals soft
        Knowing animals helps understand what they need
    - How Animals Have Babies soft
      Animal babies topic enriched by curriculum coverage of offspring and life stages
      - Animals Everywhere hard
        Animal babies builds on knowing animals live in diverse environments
    - Naming Common Animals hard
      Must know animal groups before learning about offspring and life stages
  - Pollination & Seed Dispersal soft
    Plant life cycle knowledge supports understanding diverse life cycles across organisms
    - Seeds & Plant Growth hard
      Must understand germination before learning full life cycle including seed dispersal
      - What Living Things Need hard
        Must know basic plant needs before observing germination and growth
        
        Common Plants & Trees soft
        Knowing plants helps understand what they need
        
        Living Things Vocabulary soft
        Describing what plants and animals need to survive uses life processes vocabulary: nutrition, growth, sensitivity
        
        Naming Common Animals soft
        Knowing animals helps understand what they need
    - How Plant Parts Work hard
      Must know flower function before understanding pollination and seed formation
      - Parts of a Plant hard
        Must know basic plant structure before learning about function of each part
        
        Common Plants & Trees hard
        Must know plant names before learning about their parts
- Organ Systems Vocabulary soft
  Describing stages of the human life cycle draws on organ system vocabulary
Balanced Diet & Food Groups soft
Understanding puberty changes connects to knowing about food groups and balanced diet for growth
- Basic Body Needs hard
  Learning food groups builds on knowing the body needs food for energy and health
  - The Heart & Blood soft
    Basic needs (exercise keeps heart strong) connects to knowing the heart pumps blood
  - How Breathing Works soft
    Basic needs (body needs air) connects to knowing about breathing and lungs
- Animal Nutrition soft
  Exploratory food groups complements curriculum nutrition topic (GB Y3)
  - Herbivores, Carnivores & Omnivores soft
    Carnivore/herbivore/omnivore classification supports understanding nutrition differences
    - Naming Common Animals hard
      Must identify animal groups before classifying by diet
  - What Living Things Need hard
    Must know basic survival needs before learning about nutrition types and food groups
    - Common Plants & Trees soft
      Knowing plants helps understand what they need
    - Living Things Vocabulary soft
      Describing what plants and animals need to survive uses life processes vocabulary: nutrition, growth, sensitivity
    - Naming Common Animals soft
      Knowing animals helps understand what they need

Unlocks1

How the Body Stays in Balance
hardAges 12—14