Art & Architecture

CONCEPTUAL

History›Medieval Times|Ages 9—11|ID: mt_pitjUcaAdy

Medieval cultural achievements: illuminated manuscripts, Gothic cathedrals (flying buttresses, stained glass), Gregorian chant, the Bayeux Tapestry; art and architecture as expressions of faith and power

Mastery Evidence

Describe what an illuminated manuscript is and who made them
Name at least two features of Gothic cathedral architecture (pointed arches, flying buttresses, stained glass)
Explain how medieval art and buildings were connected to the Church and religious belief

Assessment Prompt

“If [child] visited a Gothic cathedral, could they point out features like stained glass windows and flying buttresses and explain why medieval people built such impressive buildings?”

Prerequisites3

Castle Design Through the Ages
softAges 7—9
The Medieval Church
hardAges 7—9
Greek and Roman Architecture
softAges 9—11

Show full prerequisite tree

Castle Design Through the Ages soft
Castle architecture provides comparison to cathedral architecture
- Battle of Hastings and 1066 soft
  Norman Conquest triggered major castle-building programme in England
  - Kings & Queens soft
    Understanding kingship helps grasp the succession crisis of 1066
    - Knights & Armour soft
      Knights served kings — understanding knights helps grasp royal power
      - What Is a Castle? hard
        Castles provide the physical context for understanding knights who lived and served in them
    - What Is a Castle? hard
      Castles as royal residences provide context for understanding kings and queens
  - Vikings vs Anglo-Saxons hard
    Must understand Viking-Saxon struggle and Edward the Confessor before studying 1066
    - Anglo-Saxon Britain hard
      Must understand Anglo-Saxon kingdoms before studying the Viking-Saxon conflict
      - Village Life soft
        Village life concepts provide context for Anglo-Saxon settlement
        
        What Is a Castle? soft
        Castle knowledge provides contrast with village life
      - The Vikings soft
        Viking knowledge provides contrast and context for Anglo-Saxon Britain
    - The Vikings hard
      Must know who the Vikings were before studying their conflict with Anglo-Saxons
  - Evidence from the Past soft
    Cross-domain: understanding historical evidence (Historical Thinking) enriches use of Bayeux Tapestry as source
    - Thinking Before Starting soft
      Understanding that knowledge of the past comes from surviving evidence builds on the habit of activating prior knowledge — what do I already know, and where did that knowledge come from?
      - Persisting When It's Hard hard
        Activating prior knowledge requires the foundational habit of persistent engagement with new material
    - Vocabulary: historical thinking hard
      Understanding that everything we know comes from evidence requires 'evidence' and 'source' vocabulary
      - Domain Vocabulary Across Subject Areas soft
        Acquiring the specialist vocabulary of historical thinking (source, bias, chronology, corroborate) builds on the academic vocabulary development taught in English
        
        Discussing and Questioning New Words hard
        Academic and domain-specific vocabulary acquisition builds on the habit of discussing word meanings and linking new vocabulary to known words
        
        Defining Words soft
        Defining academic words requires the ability to define words by category and attribute
        
        Discussing and Questioning New Words soft
        Context clues support defining words
        
        Sorting & Categorising Words hard
        Defining by attributes builds on Y1 categorisation and antonyms
        
        How Many in Total? soft
        Sorting and categorising objects uses the same counting/cardinality skills from maths
        
        One-to-one counting hard
        Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'
- What Is a Castle? hard
  Must have basic castle knowledge before studying castle evolution and architecture
The Medieval Church hard
Must understand the Church's role to appreciate that medieval art and architecture were primarily religious
- Medieval Pyramid of Power soft
  Feudal system context shows how Church power paralleled secular power
  - Kings & Queens hard
    Must understand kings and power before grasping the feudal hierarchy
    - Knights & Armour soft
      Knights served kings — understanding knights helps grasp royal power
      - What Is a Castle? hard
        Castles provide the physical context for understanding knights who lived and served in them
    - What Is a Castle? hard
      Castles as royal residences provide context for understanding kings and queens
  - Knights & Armour hard
    Must know about knights before understanding their place in the feudal system
    - What Is a Castle? hard
      Castles provide the physical context for understanding knights who lived and served in them
  - Battle of Hastings and 1066 soft
    Norman Conquest established the feudal system in England
    - Kings & Queens soft
      Understanding kingship helps grasp the succession crisis of 1066
      - Knights & Armour soft
        Knights served kings — understanding knights helps grasp royal power
        
        What Is a Castle? hard
        Castles provide the physical context for understanding knights who lived and served in them
      - What Is a Castle? hard
        Castles as royal residences provide context for understanding kings and queens
    - Vikings vs Anglo-Saxons hard
      Must understand Viking-Saxon struggle and Edward the Confessor before studying 1066
      - Anglo-Saxon Britain hard
        Must understand Anglo-Saxon kingdoms before studying the Viking-Saxon conflict
        
        Village Life soft
        Village life concepts provide context for Anglo-Saxon settlement
        
        What Is a Castle? soft
        Castle knowledge provides contrast with village life
        
        The Vikings soft
        Viking knowledge provides contrast and context for Anglo-Saxon Britain
      - The Vikings hard
        Must know who the Vikings were before studying their conflict with Anglo-Saxons
    - Evidence from the Past soft
      Cross-domain: understanding historical evidence (Historical Thinking) enriches use of Bayeux Tapestry as source
      - Thinking Before Starting soft
        Understanding that knowledge of the past comes from surviving evidence builds on the habit of activating prior knowledge — what do I already know, and where did that knowledge come from?
        
        Persisting When It's Hard hard
        Activating prior knowledge requires the foundational habit of persistent engagement with new material
      - Vocabulary: historical thinking hard
        Understanding that everything we know comes from evidence requires 'evidence' and 'source' vocabulary
        
        Domain Vocabulary Across Subject Areas soft
        Acquiring the specialist vocabulary of historical thinking (source, bias, chronology, corroborate) builds on the academic vocabulary development taught in English
        
        Discussing and Questioning New Words hard
        Academic and domain-specific vocabulary acquisition builds on the habit of discussing word meanings and linking new vocabulary to known words
        
        Defining Words soft
        Defining academic words requires the ability to define words by category and attribute
        
        Discussing and Questioning New Words soft
        Context clues support defining words
        
        Sorting & Categorising Words hard
        Defining by attributes builds on Y1 categorisation and antonyms
        
        How Many in Total? soft
        Sorting and categorising objects uses the same counting/cardinality skills from maths
        
        One-to-one counting hard
        Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'
  - Village Life hard
    Must understand peasant life before grasping serfdom in the feudal system
    - What Is a Castle? soft
      Castle knowledge provides contrast with village life
- Village Life hard
  Must understand medieval daily life before grasping the Church's pervasive influence over it
  - What Is a Castle? soft
    Castle knowledge provides contrast with village life
Greek and Roman Architecture soft
Cross-domain: Roman architecture (arches, domes) provides contrast with Gothic architecture (pointed arches, flying buttresses)
- Daily Life in a Roman Town hard
  Roman engineering from 7-9 is prerequisite for analysing Roman architectural innovations
  - Roman Army and Conquest of Britain hard
    Roman towns and engineering build on Roman army and invasion context
    - Roman soldiers & builders hard
      Deepens basic Roman soldiers/builders from 5-7
      - Ancient Greece and Rome on the Map hard
        Roman builders need geographic context
        
        Egypt, the Nile, and the Desert soft
        Greece & Rome geography builds on Ancient Egypt geography — both Mediterranean civilisations, Egypt came first chronologically
      - Romulus & Remus soft
        Roman soldiers build on knowing Rome exists as a civilisation
        
        Ancient Greece and Rome on the Map hard
        Romulus & Remus needs geographic context of Italy/Rome
        
        Egypt, the Nile, and the Desert soft
        Greece & Rome geography builds on Ancient Egypt geography — both Mediterranean civilisations, Egypt came first chronologically
- Gods & the Parthenon soft
  Parthenon is the key example of Greek architecture
  - Greek gods & Mount Olympus hard
    Deepens basic Greek gods knowledge from 5-7
    - Egyptian Gods and the Afterlife soft
      Greek gods build on prior understanding that ancient civilisations believed in many gods (Egyptian polytheism)
      - Pyramids and the Great Sphinx soft
        Gods and afterlife connect to pyramids as burial places
        
        Pharaohs and Tutankhamun soft
        Pyramids as tombs benefit from knowing pharaohs were powerful rulers
        
        Vocabulary: ancient egypt hard
        Knowing about pharaohs requires the term 'pharaoh' and associated vocabulary
        
        3-D shapes soft
        Recognising pyramids as a named 3D geometric shape makes study of the Great Pyramid's physical structure more concrete
        
        Vocabulary: ancient egypt hard
        Describing the pyramids and Sphinx requires 'pyramid', 'sphinx', and related vocabulary
      - Vocabulary: ancient egypt hard
        Describing the afterlife and burial beliefs requires 'mummy', 'sarcophagus', 'tomb' vocabulary
    - Ancient Greece and Rome on the Map hard
      Knowing where Greece is grounds understanding of Greek gods
      - Egypt, the Nile, and the Desert soft
        Greece & Rome geography builds on Ancient Egypt geography — both Mediterranean civilisations, Egypt came first chronologically

Unlocks2

Medieval Legacy in Modern Life
softAges 9—11
Printing Press & Renaissance
hardAges 9—11