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Roman numerals to 1000

CONCEPTUAL
Mathematics›Number Representation & Place Value|Ages 9—10|ID: mt_To9HdLy8vq

Read Roman numerals to 1000 (M) and recognise years written in Roman numerals

Mastery Evidence

  • Read MCMXCIX as 1999
  • Write 2024 in Roman numerals (MMXXIV)
  • Explain the subtractive principle: IV = 4 not IIII

Assessment Prompt

“Can [child] read Roman numerals like MMXIX (2019) or CDXLIV (444) — and recognise the year a film or building was made when it's shown in Roman numerals?”

Prerequisites1

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  • Roman numerals to 100 hard

    Roman numerals to 100 is prerequisite to extending to 1000

    • Place value of each digit soft

      Understanding why place value matters contrasts with Roman numeral system

      • The three digits of a three-digit number hard

        Four-digit place value extends three-digit place value

        • A Hundred Is Ten Tens hard

          Three-digit place value requires understanding 100 as a unit

          • A Ten Is Ten Ones hard

            100 as ten tens extends understanding of 10 as ten ones

            • The teen numbers hard

              Understanding 10 as a bundle builds on understanding teen numbers as 'a ten and some ones'

              • How Many in Total? hard

                Understanding tens-and-ones composition requires cardinality — knowing numbers represent quantities

                • One-to-one counting hard

                  Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'

              • Reading and writing numbers to 20 hard

                Composing/decomposing teen numbers requires reading and writing those numerals

                • How Many in Total? hard

                  Reading/writing numerals 0–20 requires understanding that numerals represent quantities (cardinality)

                  • One-to-one counting hard

                    Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'

                • Writing digits 0-9 hard

                  Writing numerals requires the motor skill of forming digits 0-9 (taught in English handwriting)

          • The two digits of a two-digit number hard

            Must understand two-digit place value before extending to hundreds

            • A Ten Is Ten Ones hard

              Understanding tens and ones place value requires the concept of 10 as a bundle

              • The teen numbers hard

                Understanding 10 as a bundle builds on understanding teen numbers as 'a ten and some ones'

                • How Many in Total? hard

                  Understanding tens-and-ones composition requires cardinality — knowing numbers represent quantities

                  • One-to-one counting hard

                    Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'

                • Reading and writing numbers to 20 hard

                  Composing/decomposing teen numbers requires reading and writing those numerals

                  • How Many in Total? hard

                    Reading/writing numerals 0–20 requires understanding that numerals represent quantities (cardinality)

                    • One-to-one counting hard

                      Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'

                  • Writing digits 0-9 hard

                    Writing numerals requires the motor skill of forming digits 0-9 (taught in English handwriting)

            • The teen numbers hard

              General two-digit place value extends from understanding teen number composition

              • How Many in Total? hard

                Understanding tens-and-ones composition requires cardinality — knowing numbers represent quantities

                • One-to-one counting hard

                  Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'

              • Reading and writing numbers to 20 hard

                Composing/decomposing teen numbers requires reading and writing those numerals

                • How Many in Total? hard

                  Reading/writing numerals 0–20 requires understanding that numerals represent quantities (cardinality)

                  • One-to-one counting hard

                    Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'

                • Writing digits 0-9 hard

                  Writing numerals requires the motor skill of forming digits 0-9 (taught in English handwriting)

        • The two digits of a two-digit number hard

          Three-digit PV extends two-digit PV (tens and ones)

          • A Ten Is Ten Ones hard

            Understanding tens and ones place value requires the concept of 10 as a bundle

            • The teen numbers hard

              Understanding 10 as a bundle builds on understanding teen numbers as 'a ten and some ones'

              • How Many in Total? hard

                Understanding tens-and-ones composition requires cardinality — knowing numbers represent quantities

                • One-to-one counting hard

                  Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'

              • Reading and writing numbers to 20 hard

                Composing/decomposing teen numbers requires reading and writing those numerals

                • How Many in Total? hard

                  Reading/writing numerals 0–20 requires understanding that numerals represent quantities (cardinality)

                  • One-to-one counting hard

                    Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'

                • Writing digits 0-9 hard

                  Writing numerals requires the motor skill of forming digits 0-9 (taught in English handwriting)

          • The teen numbers hard

            General two-digit place value extends from understanding teen number composition

            • How Many in Total? hard

              Understanding tens-and-ones composition requires cardinality — knowing numbers represent quantities

              • One-to-one counting hard

                Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'

            • Reading and writing numbers to 20 hard

              Composing/decomposing teen numbers requires reading and writing those numerals

              • How Many in Total? hard

                Reading/writing numerals 0–20 requires understanding that numerals represent quantities (cardinality)

                • One-to-one counting hard

                  Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'

              • Writing digits 0-9 hard

                Writing numerals requires the motor skill of forming digits 0-9 (taught in English handwriting)

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