Phrases & Clauses

CONCEPTUAL

English›Grammar & Punctuation|Ages 11—13|ID: mt_IdFxLz-UW9

Understand and analyse the function of phrases (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, prepositional) and clauses (main, subordinate, relative) in general and in specific sentences, including recognising and correcting misplaced and dangling modifiers

Mastery Evidence

Identify a prepositional phrase acting as an adverbial and explain its role in the sentence
Distinguish between a main clause and a subordinate clause and explain their relationship
Spot a dangling modifier in a sentence and rewrite it to remove the ambiguity

Assessment Prompt

“If [child] reads a sentence like "Walking home from school, the rain soaked her backpack" and something feels grammatically off, can they identify the dangling modifier and explain how to rewrite it correctly?”

Curriculum Standards3 alignments

L.7.1aCommon Core State Standards for English Language Arts & Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects

L.7.1a

Explain the function of phrases and clauses in general and their function in specific sentences.

English Language Arts

L.7.1cCommon Core State Standards for English Language Arts & Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects

L.7.1c

Place phrases and clauses within a sentence, recognizing and correcting misplaced and dangling modifiers.

English Language Arts

KS3-ENG-GV-1aThe national curriculum in England

Extend and apply grammatical knowledge

extending and applying the grammatical knowledge set out in English appendix 2 to the key stage 1 and 2 programmes of study to analyse more challenging texts

· Key Stage 3

Prerequisites2

Expanded noun phrases (age 8+)
hardAges 8—10
Relative Clauses
hardAges 9—10

Show full prerequisite tree

Expanded noun phrases (age 8+) hard
Understanding noun phrases extends KS2 expanding noun phrases
- Expanded noun phrases hard
  Expanded NPs with preposition phrases build on Y2 expanded NPs with adjectives
  - Defining Words soft
    Defining words by attributes supports choosing descriptive adjectives for noun phrases
    - Discussing and Questioning New Words soft
      Context clues support defining words
    - Sorting & Categorising Words hard
      Defining by attributes builds on Y1 categorisation and antonyms
      - How Many in Total? soft
        Sorting and categorising objects uses the same counting/cardinality skills from maths
        
        One-to-one counting hard
        Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'
  - Building sentences soft
    Sentence concept helps understanding where noun phrases fit
  - Basic Nouns & Verbs hard
    Must know what nouns are before expanding noun phrases
- Prepositions soft
  Preposition phrases within NPs rely on preposition knowledge
  - Listening and responding soft
    Listening and responding supports learning prepositions
Relative Clauses hard
Phrase/clause analysis extends KS2 relative clauses with relative pronouns/adverbs
- Pronouns for clarity soft
  Relative pronouns (who, which, that) overlap with pronoun knowledge; pronoun cohesion supports understanding pronoun reference in relative clauses
  - Pronouns hard
    Pronoun cohesion and reflexive pronouns build on basic pronoun usage
    - Building sentences soft
      Sentence concept supports understanding pronoun function
    - Basic Nouns & Verbs hard
      Must know what nouns are before replacing them with pronouns
- Subordinate clauses hard
  Relative clauses extend subordination; learners must understand how subordinate clauses work before embedding relative clauses
  - Listening and responding soft
    Listening skills support understanding complex sentence structures
  - Building sentences hard
    Must understand sentences before combining clauses
  - Four Types of Sentences soft
    Understanding sentence types supports creating complex sentences
    - Building sentences hard
      Must understand what a sentence is before learning sentence types
    - Starting and Ending Sentences hard
      Must know basic sentence punctuation before varying it by type
      - Building sentences hard
        Must understand sentences before punctuating them
  - Joining Words with 'And' hard
    Must be able to join with 'and' before learning subordination and other co-ordinating conjunctions
    - Building sentences hard
      Must understand sentences before joining them

Unlocks2

Literary and Language Terminology
hardAges 11—14
Types of Sentences
hardAges 11—14