Fluent adding and subtracting within 10
PROCEDURALFluently add and subtract within 10
Mastery Evidence
- Answer any addition fact within 10 quickly from memory
- Answer any subtraction fact within 10 quickly from memory
- Complete a timed set of within-10 facts with high accuracy
Assessment Prompt
“Can [child] answer sums like '7 + 3' or '9 − 4' almost instantly — without stopping to count on their fingers?”
Curriculum Standards1 alignment
1.OA.6Common Core State Standards for MathematicsAdd and subtract within 20, demonstrating fluency for addition and subtraction within 10. Use strategies such as counting on; making ten (e.g., 8 + 6 = 8 + 2 + 4 = 10 + 4 = 14); decomposing a number leading to a ten (e.g., 13 – 4 = 13 – 3 – 1 = 10 – 1 = 9); using the relationship between addition and subtraction (e.g., knowing that 8 + 4 = 12, one knows 12 – 8 = 4); and creating equivalent but easier or known sums (e.g., adding 6 + 7 by creating the known equivalent 6 + 6 + 1 = 12 + 1 = 13).
Prerequisites2
- Number bonds to 9hardAges 4—6
- Fluent adding and subtracting within 5hardAges 5—6
Show full prerequisite tree
- Numbers up to 10 into pairs hard
Making 10 is a specific application of decomposing numbers into pairs
- Addition as combining or putting together two hard
Decomposing numbers into pairs requires understanding addition as combining
- How Many in Total? hard
Understanding addition as combining groups requires knowing numbers represent quantities (cardinality)
- One-to-one counting hard
Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'
- Addition as combining or putting together two hard
Fluency with addition within 5 requires understanding addition as combining
- How Many in Total? hard
Understanding addition as combining groups requires knowing numbers represent quantities (cardinality)
- One-to-one counting hard
Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'
- Subtraction as taking away or separating hard
Fluency with subtraction within 5 requires understanding subtraction as taking away
- How Many in Total? hard
Understanding subtraction as taking away requires knowing numbers represent quantities (cardinality)
- One-to-one counting hard
Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'
Unlocks2
- Addition and subtraction within 20hardAges 6—7
- Fluent adding and subtracting within 20hardAges 7—8