Fluent adding and subtracting within 5
PROCEDURALFluently add and subtract within 5
Mastery Evidence
- Answer 2 + 3 quickly without counting on fingers
- Answer 5 – 2 from recall or with minimal counting
- Complete a set of within-5 addition/subtraction facts accurately and quickly
Assessment Prompt
“Can [child] give you the answer to sums like '2 + 3' or '5 − 2' straight away, without needing to count on their fingers every time?”
Curriculum Standards1 alignment
K.OA.5Common Core State Standards for MathematicsFluently add and subtract within 5.
Prerequisites2
- Addition as combining or putting together twohardAges 4—6
- Subtraction as taking away or separatinghardAges 4—6
Show full prerequisite tree
- Addition as combining or putting together two hard
Fluency with addition within 5 requires understanding addition as combining
- How Many in Total? hard
Understanding addition as combining groups requires knowing numbers represent quantities (cardinality)
- One-to-one counting hard
Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'
- Subtraction as taking away or separating hard
Fluency with subtraction within 5 requires understanding subtraction as taking away
- How Many in Total? hard
Understanding subtraction as taking away requires knowing numbers represent quantities (cardinality)
- One-to-one counting hard
Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'
Unlocks2
- Number bondshardAges 5—6
- Fluent adding and subtracting within 10hardAges 6—7