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Multiplication as repeated addition

CONCEPTUAL
Mathematics›Multiplication & Division|Ages 5—6|ID: mt_PZ909yPrEC

Understand multiplication as repeated addition and grouping equal sets

Mastery Evidence

  • Explain that 3 groups of 2 is the same as 2 + 2 + 2
  • Use objects to make equal groups and count the total
  • Recognise an array as showing equal rows

Assessment Prompt

“If [child] needs to count 4 bags with 3 apples in each, can they see that instead of counting all 12 one by one, they could add 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 — or say '4 groups of 3'?”

Curriculum Standards1 alignment

Maths/Y1/MD/1The national curriculum in England
Solve one-step multiplication and division problems

Solve one-step problems involving multiplication and division, by calculating the answer using concrete objects, pictorial representations and arrays with the support of the teacher.

Mathematics · Key Stage 1

Prerequisites2

Show full prerequisite tree
  • Counting in 2s soft

    Skip counting supports understanding equal groups (2s, 5s, 10s)

  • Addition as combining or putting together two hard

    Multiplication as repeated addition requires understanding addition as combining groups

    • How Many in Total? hard

      Understanding addition as combining groups requires knowing numbers represent quantities (cardinality)

      • One-to-one counting hard

        Cardinality principle builds on one-to-one correspondence — you must count correctly to know the last number tells 'how many'

Unlocks6